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This collection moves from COVID to Kairos, engaged with the legacy of Paul Tillich. Liminal spaces reflect ambiguous transitional moments in human consciousness and culture. In early 2020, cultures and states turned inward for protection, exacerbating intertwined health, political, racial justice, and economic crises. Tillich would have understood these overlapping challenges to be heralding a kairotic moment, reflecting simultaneous crises and opportunities. The collected essays reflect on the intersections of COVID and Kairos. Authors engage numerous ethical challenges precipitated by the current Kairos moment, thinking through and with Tillich. Other essays offer reflections on our cultural moment, engaging topics from public health to video games to hate speech. Reflecting on the cultural moment, this collection offers unique insight into the Tillichian legacy for the present and future.

Le premier objectif de l'article est de comprendre le présentéisme du personnel soignant, d'une part sous sa forme la plus connue, le présentéisme maladie (ou surprésentéisme) et, d'autre part, une forme de présentéisme « organisé », appelée autoremplacement. Une enquête qualitative par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 45 professionnels a été réalisée dans un établissement privé de rééducation fonctionnelle et dans un établissement hospitalier public en 2017. Les entretiens entièrement retranscrits ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de contenu thématique. La deuxième finalité de l'article est d'analyser les questions que soulève le présentéisme d'un point de juridique. Sa pratique est examinée au regard du droit du travail et des règles de la fonction publique hospitalière. Les auteurs concluent que le présentéisme fait courir de nombreux risques pour la santé et la sécurité des salariés et des agents et est susceptible de porter atteinte au respect de leur vie privée.

Frontmatter -- Table des matières -- Introduction -- I Les questions du mal, de Dieu et de l'éthique du courage -- Le courage d'être chez Tillich et Ricoeur -- Dieu et le mal. La théodicée chez Paul Ricoeur et Paul Tillich -- La question du mal chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur. Faire face au défi du démonisme -- Amour et justice chez Tillich et Ricoeur. Ou comment explorer le pouvoir de la vulnérabilité -- Le Courage d'être selon Tillich et être vivant jusqu'à la mort selon Ricoeur. Dynamique commune et éclats singuliers autour de la question de la fin de vie -- Finitude et responsabilité chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur. Quelle éthique théologique ? -- II Des théories du symbole -- La théorie du symbole : de Tillich à Ricoeur -- Sanctification et Individuation : une discussion de l'approche téléologique du symbole chez Tillich, Jung et Ricoeur -- Improving Tillich's Theory of the Religious -- Herméneutique phénoménologique des images chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur -- III La question du politique -- L'esprit de l'utopie et la force du présent chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur -- "The Crooked Shall Be Made Straight". Nations, Statehood, and the Imperative of love in Paul Tillich and Paul Ricoeur -- "Tillich and Ricoeur on Power and Peace" -- Les ambivalences du théologico-politique chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur -- IV Dialogues aux frontières des disciplines -- Psychanalyse, herméneutique, existentialisme. La difficile réception de la psychanalyse chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur au prisme de la décoïncidence -- Philosophie et Théologie. Confins et circulation du logos chez Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur -- Notes sur la réception et la traduction des oeuvres de Paul Tillich et Paul Ricoeur en Chine -- Liste des contributeurs et contributrices

Metabonomics has been defined as "quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification" and can provide information on disease processes, drug toxicity, and gene function. In this approach many samples of biological origin (biofluids such as urine or plasma) are analyzed using techniques that produce simultaneous detection. A variety of analytical metabolic profiling tools are used routinely, are also currently under development, and include proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with a prior online separation step such as high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, or gas chromatography. Data generated by these analytical techniques are often combined with multivariate data analysis, i.e., pattern recognition, for respectively generating and interpreting the metabolic profiles of the investigated samples. Metabonomics has gained great prominence in diabetes research within the last few years and has already been applied to understand the metabolism in a range of animal models and, more recently, attempts have been done to process complex metabolic data sets from clinical studies. A future hope for the metabonomic approach is the identification of biomarkers that are able to highlight individuals likely to suffer from diabetes and enable early diagnosis of the disease or the identification of those at risk. This review summarizes the technologies currently being used in metabonomics, as well as the studies reported related to diabetes prior to a description of the general objective of the research plan of the metabonomics part of the European Union project, Molecular Phenotyping to Accelerate Genomic Epidemiology.

[Background]: The gut microbiome and iron status are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although their complex interaction remains unclear. ; [Results]: Here, we applied an integrative systems medicine approach (faecal metagenomics, plasma and urine metabolomics, hepatic transcriptomics) in 2 well-characterised human cohorts of subjects with obesity (discovery n = 49 and validation n = 628) and an independent cohort formed by both individuals with and without obesity (n = 130), combined with in vitro and animal models. Serum ferritin levels, as a markers of liver iron stores, were positively associated with liver fat accumulation in parallel with lower gut microbial gene richness, composition and functionality. Specifically, ferritin had strong negative associations with the Pasteurellaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Micrococcaea families. It also had consistent negative associations with several Veillonella, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, but positive associations with Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. Notably, the ferritin-associated bacterial families had a strong correlation with iron-related liver genes. In addition, several bacterial functions related to iron metabolism (transport, chelation, heme and siderophore biosynthesis) and NAFLD (fatty acid and glutathione biosynthesis) were also associated with the host serum ferritin levels. This iron-related microbiome signature was linked to a transcriptomic and metabolomic signature associated to the degree of liver fat accumulation through hepatic glucose metabolism. In particular, we found a consistent association among serum ferritin, Pasteurellaceae and Micrococcacea families, bacterial functions involved in histidine transport, the host circulating histidine levels and the liver expression of GYS2 and SEC24B. Serum ferritin was also related to bacterial glycine transporters, the host glycine serum levels and the liver expression of glycine transporters. The transcriptomic findings were replicated in human primary hepatocytes, where iron supplementation also led to triglycerides accumulation and induced the expression of lipid and iron metabolism genes in synergy with palmitic acid. We further explored the direct impact of the microbiome on iron metabolism and liver fact accumulation through transplantation of faecal microbiota into recipient's mice. In line with the results in humans, transplantation from 'high ferritin donors' resulted in alterations in several genes related to iron metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in recipient's mice. ; [Conclusions]: Altogether, a significant interplay among the gut microbiome, iron status and liver fat accumulation is revealed, with potential significance for target therapies. ; This work was supported by EU-FP7 FLORINASH (Health-F2-2009-241913) to R.B., M.F., J.M.F.R., E.H. and J.K.N. Infrastructure support was provided by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). L.H. was in receipt of an MRC Intermediate Research Fellowship in Data Science (grant number MR/L01632X/1, UK Med-Bio). This work was also partly supported by funding to M.-E.D. (EU METACARDIS under agreement HEALTH-F4-2012-305312, Neuron II under agreement 291840 and the MRC MR/M501797/1) and by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-46 [European Genomics Institute for Diabetes]), from the National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine – PreciDIAB, which is jointly supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-IBHU-0001), by the European Union (FEDER), by the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (Agreement 20001891/NP0025517) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL, Agreement 2019_ESR_11) and by Isite ULNE (R-002-20-TALENT-DUMAS), also jointly funded by ANR (ANR-16-IDEX-0004-ULNE) the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (Agreement 20002045) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL). J.M.-P. is funded by the Miguel Servet Program from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII CP18/00009), co-funded by the European Social Fund 'Investing in your future'. María Arnoriaga Rodríguez is funded by a predoctoral Río Hortega contract (CM19/00190, co-funded by European Social Fund 'Investing in your future') from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. This work was supported by grants to AM from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105969GB-I00) and Generalitat Valenciana (project Prometeo/2018/133). ; Peer reviewed